Psychology and Ethical Development Theories

Question: Discuss about the Psychology and Ethical Development Theories. Answer: Introduction Psychological theory refers to a model that helps to understand the behavior, thoughts and emotions of human beings. The main two components of psychological theories are description of behavior and making prediction of future behavior. Psychological theory helps to develop the emotion, behavior and personality of a person over the life span. It helps to control the psychological disorders, stress and helps to cure the problems. In the discussion, application of psychological theory has been discussed. A movie of Alfred Hitchcock, named Psycho that was made in 1960 has been selected to discuss the psychological theory. The assignment discussed the psychological problems of the main character, Norman Bates has been discussed. The psychoanalytic, cognitive, socio cultural and behavioral theory of psychology is discussed. The assignment stated the defensive mechanism of Norman Bates. The reason of his psychological disorder is also discussed. Recommendation of psychological development is also given. Discussion of the character and problems of Norman Bates Norman Bates had some alternate personality disorder. He killed his mother and her lover due to jealousy 10 years earlier. After that, he often dressed into his mothers clothing and talked with himself in her mothers voice (News.bbc.co.uk 2016). The alternate personality of Norman Bates was completely different. From the son perspective, he was very caring and loving; on the other hand, his alternate personality was very dominating and evil as he acted like his mother. She always wanted to control the life of herself and her son respectively. She always tried to protect Norman form the attraction of opposite sex, whereas Norman wanted to live as a hardworking and loving person. Whenever, he got attracted by any other women, his alternate personality of mother scolded him and killed the person. According to Peters (2015), alternate disorder means the alternate behavior of two personalities in an individual human. This includes the impairment of memories for the important information. People accused him for the murders. As he had alternate personality, he protested against accuses in the local court. Developmental stage He wanted to suppress his adolescent problems and his mothers death. He adopted his mothers personality in himself and performed her dominating and evil role that his mother desired to do. Norman always wanted company and love of women but he failed because of his mothers fear and adolescent problems (News.bbc.co.uk, 2016). Discussion of defensive mechanism of Norman Bates Norman Bates used his mothers perspective to hide his crimes. He disguised by wearing his mothers clothes and wig. To defense his crimes he killed others. When Marion wanted to meet with Mrs. Bate, the personality of his mother became insecure and murdered Marion. On the other hand, the personality of Norman helped Marion to realize her guilt of stealing (News.bbc.co.uk, 2016). When Lila, Marions sister came to Normans house and found Mrs. Bate sitting on a chair, she turned back her and found that there was a mummified corpse. Lila became afraid when she found that into the cellar, Norman came running with knife wearing his mothers clothes and wig. Freuds psychoanalytical theory to discuss Normans problem: The psychoanalytical theory of Sigmund Freud stated the human behavior. The main components of the theory are ego, superego and id. (Peters 2015) The psychoanalytical theory of Freud is the personality structural theory. It has conflicts in personality, shaping and behavior. Figure 1: Freuds psychoanalytical theory components (Source: Peters 2015) The most primitive structure is Id that concerns with gratification of necessaries and urges of individuals (Peters 2015). It is an unconscious operation. For example, in case of Norman, he knew that his mother was dead but still he wanted her being alive. The concern of Superego is the morals and social rules. This develops with the culture, in which the child grows. The right or wrong culture has a great impact on the child for which the child may suffer in future (Peters 2015). For example, Norman had grown in a difficult environment as his mother had aggressive dominating nature. His bad memories of childhood led him to achieve the disassociated identity disorder. Ego is a part of pragmatic and rational part of the personality of individual. It is the mixture of consciousness and unconsciousness. The function of ego is to balance the id and superego demand practically (Peters 2015). For example, after meeting with Norman, Marline realized her guilt of stealing money. However, Norman killed Marline. In this case, superego dominated the id to satisfy ego. According to Freud, id, superego and ego always conflict with each other. Role of emotion, memory and environment: Emotion, memories and environment has a great impact on the psychological development of a person (Peters 2015). Cognitive theory explains the human behavior and personality. Norman was brought up in a very clumsy environment. He became frustrated for his mothers behavior. After the death of his father, Mrs. Bate started a solitary life with her lover that Norman could not accept. His mother always tried to put hatred against women in his mind and she was in a solitary relationship. Norman became jealous and murdered his mother and her locver (News.bbc.co.uk, 2016). However, he could not get over his mothers memory and adopted the personality of his mother also. In view of cognitive theory, Norman had procedural memory conflict that is achieved in subconscious mind. Cognitive approach applies scientific approach to the behavior of human. Cognitive therapy helps to explain the responses series to the external stimuli. Figure 2: Cognitive approach (Source: Peters 2015) Stimulus refers to external factor that is environmental influence, memory and emotion. All the stimuli have effects on the behavior and personality of individual. As a result, the human behavior changes in response to the stimuli. Conclusion Psychological disorder is one type of mental illness. It can be successfully treated. Some treatment of psychological disorder is medication, psychotherapy and clinical treatment. Psychotherapy is a compact of various psychological theories that has a great impact on the mental health counseling. One type of psychotherapy is cognitive behavioral therapy. In treatment of various psychological disorders, it is used. As stated by Peters (2015) it has incorporation of cognitive theory that helps to develop the mood and behavior of the patient. It helps a patient to identify the differences in between the doing and non doing things. To limit or eliminate the number of psychological disorder severity this kind of medication is suggested to develop the quality of life and functioning of a patient. Another mental health service model is assertive community treatment. The aim of ACT is providing individualized and comprehensive care in health care at community level. It provides medication delivery and individual therapy (Peters 2015). The design of ACT program is made for the individual who have several types of mental illness like emotional, behavioral and personality disorder. On the basis of above discussion, it can be said that Norman needed proper caring and environment to avoid the insecurity and psychological misbalance. His mother should take care of him with more love and caring rather than the aggressive attitude. Psychological therapies have shown that environment, emotion has influence on the personality disorder. However, the psychological disorders can be cured. Norman had no one in his life who could understand his problems and take him to doctor. The assignment had discussed brief about the psychological treatments that could help Norman to come back in his normal lifestyle. References News.bbc.co.uk. (2016). BBC News - How Psycho changed cinema. [Online] Available at: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8593508.stm [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Peters, R.S., 2015.Psychology and Ethical Development (Rout ledge Revivals): A Collection of Articles on Psychological Theories, Ethical Development and Human Understanding. Rout ledge.